Mount your ZFS datasets anywhere you want

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ZFS is very flexible about mountpoints, and there are many features available to provide great flexibility.

When you create your second zpool this is what it might look like:

$$ zfs list -r main_tank
NAME                                                       USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
main_tank                                                  893G  3.52T    96K  /main_tank
main_tank/data                                             786G  3.52T    88K  /main_tank/data
main_tank/data/dvl                                         755G  3.52T   755G  /main_tank/data/dvl
main_tank/data/freshports                                 31.4G  3.52T    88K  /main_tank/data/freshports
main_tank/data/freshports/backend                         3.11G  3.52T    88K  /main_tank/data/freshports/backend

This is a pool I created long ago, but it will be a decent example. When you create zpool main_tank, the default mountpoint is /main_tank.

You might be happy with that, but you don’t have to be content. You can do magical things.

Skip to the bottom to see more.

Some highlights are:

  • mount point can be inherited
  • not all filesystems in a zpool need to be mounted
  • each filesystem (directory) can have different ZFS characteristics

In my case, let’s look at this new zpool I created earlier today and I will show you some very simple alternatives. This zpool use NVMe devices which should be faster than SSDs especially when used with multiple concurrent writes. This is my plan: run all the Bacula regression tests concurrently.

My use case: storage area for bacula-regression tests in a one jail. There are 7 such jails.

These are the dictories within the mysql57 jail which get the most use during regression testing:

  1. /var/db/mysql
  2. /usr/home/dan/src/bacula

My goal: have as few mount directives as possible, use inheritance, and make it just mount into the right places in the jail.

How much space is this?

[dan@mysql57:~/src/bacula] $ sudo du -d1 -ch /var/db/mysql /usr/home/dan/src/bacula
1.6M	/var/db/mysql/mysql
901K	/var/db/mysql/performance_schema
560K	/var/db/mysql/regress
1.0M	/var/db/mysql/sys
579M	/var/db/mysql
147M	/usr/home/dan/src/bacula/regress
 33M	/usr/home/dan/src/bacula/gui
 21M	/usr/home/dan/src/bacula/bacula
 81M	/usr/home/dan/src/bacula/.git
283M	/usr/home/dan/src/bacula
862M	total
[dan@mysql57:~/src/bacula] $

Less than 1GB, good. Let’s proceed.

My new zpool, already created is named nvd, and it mounted at /nvd.

[dan@knew:~] $ ls -ld /nvd
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  wheel  2 Apr 21 13:26 /nvd

Let’s not mount that. This could have been specified during zpool create via a -o canmount=off parameter.

[dan@knew:~] $ sudo zfs set canmount=off nvd
[dan@knew:~] $ ls -ld /nvd
ls: /nvd: No such file or directory
[dan@knew:~] $

Let’s turn compression off. Again, this could have been a parameter.

[dan@knew:~] $ sudo zfs set compression=lz4 nvd
[dan@knew:~] $

These are the various plalces I will mounting datasystems from this zpool:

[dan@knew:~] $ zfs list | egrep -e '(mysql|pg)' | grep -v root
system/iocage/jails/mysql56                    9.30G  29.0T   210K  /iocage/jails/mysql56
system/iocage/jails/mysql57                    9.26G  29.0T   210K  /iocage/jails/mysql57
system/iocage/jails/mysql80                    2.53G  29.0T   210K  /iocage/jails/mysql80
system/iocage/jails/pg10                       8.03G  29.0T   210K  /iocage/jails/pg10
system/iocage/jails/pg11                       8.03G  29.0T   210K  /iocage/jails/pg11
system/iocage/jails/pg94                       7.52G  29.0T   210K  /iocage/jails/pg94
system/iocage/jails/pg95                       6.78G  29.0T   210K  /iocage/jails/pg95
system/iocage/jails/pg96                       6.51G  29.0T   210K  /iocage/jails/pg96

Let’s start by setting the mountpoint, but remember it will not be mounted because we specified canmount=off:

[dan@knew:~] $ sudo zfs set mountpoint=/iocage/jails nvd
[dan@knew:~] $

We are going to be messing about with data, and while you might be able to do this while the jail is running, I am not.

[dan@knew:~] $ sudo iocage stop mysql56
* Stopping mysql56
+ Executing prestop OK
+ Stopping services OK
+ Removing devfs_ruleset: 11 OK
+ Removing jail process OK
+ Executing poststop OK
[dan@knew:~] $

What data do we have in the MySQL directory? Let’s save that away into a temp directory:

$ cd /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/var/db/     
$ sudo mkdir mysql-tmp
$ sudo sudo zfs create -p nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/     
cannot create 'nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/': trailing slash in name

Now let’s create the directory structure we need:

$ sudo sudo zfs create -p nvd/mysql56/root/var/db 
$ sudo sudo zfs create -p nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql
$ sudo sudo zfs create -p nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_secure
$ sudo sudo zfs create -p nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_tmpdir

$ sudo zfs set canmount=on nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql
$ sudo zfs set canmount=on nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_secure
$ sudo zfs set canmount=on nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_tmpdir

What do we see?

$ ls -l
total 17706
drwx------  2 operator  operator       10 Aug 23  2015 entropy
drwxr-xr-x  3 root      wheel           4 Mar 18 21:05 etcupdate
drwx------  4 root      wheel          11 Mar 18 21:05 freebsd-update
drwx------  2 root      wheel           2 Jun 22  2018 hyperv
drwx------  2 root      wheel           2 Dec  4  2012 ipf
-r--r--r--  1 nobody    wheel      247659 Sep  2  2017 locate.database
drwxr-xr-x  2 logcheck  logcheck        5 Aug 18  2015 logcheck
-rw-------  1 root      wheel       28808 Aug  5  2018 mergemaster.mtree
drwxr-xr-x  5 root      wheel           5 Apr 21 20:30 mysql-tmp
drwx------  2 root      wheel           2 Jun 22  2018 ntp
-rw-r--r--  1 root      wheel       10663 Oct 27 12:10 ntpd.leap-seconds.list
drwxr-xr-x  2 root      wheel          10 Apr 21 04:13 pkg
drwxr-xr-x  2 root      wheel           2 Dec  4  2012 ports
drwxr-xr-x  2 root      wheel           2 Dec  4  2012 portsnap
drwx------  2 postfix   wheel           3 May 16  2016 postfix
-rw-r--r--  1 root      wheel     2097920 Mar 18 21:05 services.db
drwx--x--x  3 root      wheel           3 Mar 18  2016 sudo
drwxr-xr-x  3 root      wheel           3 Jun 22  2018 zfsd

Nothing. Where is the stuff we created?

[dan@knew:/iocage/jails/mysql56/root/var/db] $ zfs get -r canmount nvd                    
NAME                                  PROPERTY  VALUE     SOURCE
nvd                                   canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56                           canmount  on        default
nvd/mysql56/root                      canmount  on        default
nvd/mysql56/root/var                  canmount  on        default
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db               canmount  on        default
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql         canmount  on        local
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_secure  canmount  on        local
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_tmpdir  canmount  on        local

Look at all that canmount. Let’s fix that.

$ sudo zfs set canmount=off nvd/mysql56
cannot unmount '/iocage/jails/mysql56/root/var': Device busy

Oh, it’s mounted:

sudo zfs umount nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_tmpdir
sudo zfs umount nvd/mysql56/root/var/db
sudo zfs umount nvd/mysql56/root/var
sudo zfs umount nvd/mysql56/root
sudo zfs umount nvd/mysql56

Turn that stuff off:

$ sudo zfs set canmount=off nvd/mysql56
$ sudo zfs set canmount=off nvd/mysql56/root 
$ sudo zfs set canmount=off nvd/mysql56/root/var
$ sudo zfs set canmount=off nvd/mysql56/root/var/db

There, this looks better:

$ zfs get -r canmount nvd
NAME                                  PROPERTY  VALUE     SOURCE
nvd                                   canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56                           canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56/root                      canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56/root/var                  canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db               canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql         canmount  on        local
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_secure  canmount  on        local
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_tmpdir  canmount  on        local

Now let’s mount and see what we have:

$ sudo zfs mount nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql
$ sudo zfs mount nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_secure
$ sudo zfs mount nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_tmpdir
$ ls -l
total 17708
drwx------  2 operator  operator       10 Aug 23  2015 entropy
drwxr-xr-x  3 root      wheel           4 Mar 18 21:05 etcupdate
drwx------  4 root      wheel          11 Mar 18 21:05 freebsd-update
drwx------  2 root      wheel           2 Jun 22  2018 hyperv
drwx------  2 root      wheel           2 Dec  4  2012 ipf
-r--r--r--  1 nobody    wheel      247659 Sep  2  2017 locate.database
drwxr-xr-x  2 logcheck  logcheck        5 Aug 18  2015 logcheck
-rw-------  1 root      wheel       28808 Aug  5  2018 mergemaster.mtree
drwxr-xr-x  2 root      wheel           2 Apr 21 20:32 mysql
drwxr-xr-x  5 root      wheel           5 Apr 21 20:30 mysql-tmp
drwxr-xr-x  2 root      wheel           2 Apr 21 20:32 mysql_secure
drwxr-xr-x  2 root      wheel           2 Apr 21 20:32 mysql_tmpdir
drwx------  2 root      wheel           2 Jun 22  2018 ntp
-rw-r--r--  1 root      wheel       10663 Oct 27 12:10 ntpd.leap-seconds.list
drwxr-xr-x  2 root      wheel          10 Apr 21 04:13 pkg
drwxr-xr-x  2 root      wheel           2 Dec  4  2012 ports
drwxr-xr-x  2 root      wheel           2 Dec  4  2012 portsnap
drwx------  2 postfix   wheel           3 May 16  2016 postfix
-rw-r--r--  1 root      wheel     2097920 Mar 18 21:05 services.db
drwx--x--x  3 root      wheel           3 Mar 18  2016 sudo
drwxr-xr-x  3 root      wheel           3 Jun 22  2018 zfsd
[dan@knew:/iocage/jails/mysql56/root/var/db] $

There, we have the directores (mysql, mysql-tmp, and mysql_secure) appearing.

Those permissions need fixing though:

$ sudo sudo chown -R mysql:mysql mysql mysql_secure mysql_tmpdir
$ ls -ld mysql mysql_secure mysql_tmpdir
drwxr-xr-x  2 mysql  mysql  2 Apr 21 20:32 mysql
drwxr-xr-x  2 mysql  mysql  2 Apr 21 20:32 mysql_secure
drwxr-xr-x  2 mysql  mysql  2 Apr 21 20:32 mysql_tmpdir

Oh.. atime I forgot about that.

$ zfs get -r atime nvd
NAME                                  PROPERTY  VALUE  SOURCE
nvd                                   atime     on     default
nvd/mysql56                           atime     on     default
nvd/mysql56/root                      atime     on     default
nvd/mysql56/root/var                  atime     on     default
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db               atime     on     default
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql         atime     on     default
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_secure  atime     on     default
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_tmpdir  atime     on     default

If we turn off atime we reduce the number of writes because we are not updating the atime of the files with every read.

$ sudo zfs set atime=off nvd
$ zfs get -r atime nvd
NAME                                  PROPERTY  VALUE  SOURCE
nvd                                   atime     off    local
nvd/mysql56                           atime     off    inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root                      atime     off    inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/var                  atime     off    inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db               atime     off    inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql         atime     off    inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_secure  atime     off    inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_tmpdir  atime     off    inherited from nvd
$

Now I copy over the data:

$ sudo cp -a mysql-tmp/mysql/* mysql/
$ sudo cp -a mysql-tmp/mysql_secure/* mysql_secure/
cp: mysql-tmp/mysql_secure/*: No such file or directory

Nothing to copy? are you sure?

$ sudo find mysql-tmp/mysql_secure
mysql-tmp/mysql_secure

Yes, I’m sure.

$ sudo cp -a mysql-tmp/mysql_tmpdir/* mysql_tmpdir/
cp: mysql-tmp/mysql_tmpdir/*: No such file or directory
$ sudo find mysql-tmp/mysql_tmpdir/
mysql-tmp/mysql_tmpdir/
$ zpool list nvd
NAME   SIZE  ALLOC   FREE  CKPOINT  EXPANDSZ   FRAG    CAP  DEDUP  HEALTH  ALTROOT
nvd    222G  1.34G   221G        -         -     0%     0%  1.00x  ONLINE  -

So far, this has used about 1.34G

Now let’s set up the bacula regression code directory.

$ sudo sudo zfs create -p -o canmount=off nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src/bacula
$ zfs get -r canmount nvd
NAME                                      PROPERTY  VALUE     SOURCE
nvd                                       canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56                               canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56/root                          canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56/root/usr                      canmount  on        default
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home                 canmount  on        default
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan             canmount  on        default
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src         canmount  on        default
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src/bacula  canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56/root/var                      canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db                   canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql             canmount  on        local
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_secure      canmount  on        local
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_tmpdir      canmount  on        local
$

I failed. I should have supplied more -o parameters.

$ sudo zfs set canmount=off nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src
$ sudo zfs set canmount=off nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan    
$ sudo zfs set canmount=off nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home    
$ sudo zfs set canmount=off nvd/mysql56/root/usr     
$ zfs get -r canmount nvd
NAME                                      PROPERTY  VALUE     SOURCE
nvd                                       canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56                               canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56/root                          canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56/root/usr                      canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home                 canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan             canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src         canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src/bacula  canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56/root/var                      canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db                   canmount  off       local
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql             canmount  on        local
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_secure      canmount  on        local
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_tmpdir      canmount  on        local

That is better, but see below for more changes.

Let’s move the data out of the way.

$ sudo mv bacula baulca.origin

Note my typo above.

Let’s fix bacula and copy over the data.

$ sudo zfs set canmount=yes nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src/bacula
cannot set property for 'nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src/bacula': 'canmount' must be one of 'on | off | noauto'
$ sudo zfs set canmount=on nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src/bacula
$ ls -l
total 19
drwxr-xr-x  6 dltstats  dltstats  7 Jan 14 23:33 baulca.origin
$ sudo zfs mount nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src/bacula
$ ls -l
total 20
drwxr-xr-x  2 root      wheel     2 Apr 21 20:48 bacula
drwxr-xr-x  6 dltstats  dltstats  7 Jan 14 23:33 baulca.origin
$

set permissions:

$ sudo chown dan:dan bacula

Copy over the data

$ sudo cp -a baulca.origin/* bacula/
cp: baulca.origin/regress/weird-files/sock-file is a socket (not copied).
$

Sockets can be ignored.

One more check to see what is mounted:

$ zfs get -r mounted nvd
NAME                                      PROPERTY  VALUE    SOURCE
nvd                                       mounted   no       -
nvd/mysql56                               mounted   no       -
nvd/mysql56/root                          mounted   no       -
nvd/mysql56/root/usr                      mounted   no       -
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home                 mounted   no       -
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan             mounted   no       -
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src         mounted   no       -
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src/bacula  mounted   yes      -
nvd/mysql56/root/var                      mounted   no       -
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db                   mounted   no       -
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql             mounted   yes      -
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_secure      mounted   yes      -
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_tmpdir      mounted   yes      -

Start the jail:

$ sudo iocage start mysql56
* Starting mysql56
  + Started OK
  + Using devfs_ruleset: 11
  + Starting services OK
  + Executing poststart OK

Log into the jail:

[dan@mysql56:~] $ cd src
[dan@mysql56:~/src] $ ls -l
total 21
drwxr-xr-x  6 dan  dan  7 Apr 21 20:56 bacula
drwxr-xr-x  6 dan  dan  7 Jan 14 23:33 baulca.origin
[dan@mysql56:~/src] $

How does MySQL look?

[dan@mysql56:~/src] $ cd /var/db
[dan@mysql56:/var/db] $ ls -l
total 17709
drwx------  2 operator  operator       10 Aug 23  2015 entropy
drwxr-xr-x  3 root      wheel           4 Mar 18 21:05 etcupdate
drwx------  4 root      wheel          11 Mar 18 21:05 freebsd-update
drwx------  2 root      wheel           2 Jun 22  2018 hyperv
drwx------  2 root      wheel           2 Dec  4  2012 ipf
-r--r--r--  1 nobody    wheel      247659 Sep  2  2017 locate.database
drwxr-xr-x  2 logcheck  logcheck        5 Aug 18  2015 logcheck
-rw-------  1 root      wheel       28808 Aug  5  2018 mergemaster.mtree
drwxr-xr-x  6 mysql     mysql          24 Apr 21 20:56 mysql
drwxr-xr-x  5 root      wheel           5 Apr 21 20:30 mysql-tmp
drwxr-xr-x  2 mysql     mysql           2 Apr 21 20:32 mysql_secure
drwxr-xr-x  2 mysql     mysql           2 Apr 21 22:24 mysql_tmpdir
drwx------  2 root      wheel           2 Jun 22  2018 ntp
-rw-r--r--  1 root      wheel       10663 Oct 27 12:10 ntpd.leap-seconds.list
drwxr-xr-x  2 root      wheel          10 Apr 21 04:13 pkg
drwxr-xr-x  2 root      wheel           2 Dec  4  2012 ports
drwxr-xr-x  2 root      wheel           2 Dec  4  2012 portsnap
drwx------  2 postfix   wheel           3 May 16  2016 postfix
-rw-r--r--  1 root      wheel     2097920 Mar 18 21:05 services.db
drwx--x--x  3 root      wheel           3 Mar 18  2016 sudo
drwxr-xr-x  3 root      wheel           3 Jun 22  2018 zfsd
[dan@mysql56:/var/db] $

Everything looks good.

For testing, I started regression tests in mysql57, first, then in mysql56. It didn’t take long for mysql56 to catch up and overtake.

The mountpoints

Here are the mountpoint I created:

[dan@knew:~] $ zfs get -r mountpoint nvd 
NAME                                      PROPERTY    VALUE                                               SOURCE
nvd                                       mountpoint  /iocage/jails                                       local
nvd/mysql56                               mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56                               inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root                          mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root                          inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/usr                      mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/usr                      inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home                 mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/usr/home                 inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan             mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan             inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src         mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src         inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src/bacula  mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src/bacula  inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/var                      mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/var                      inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db                   mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/var/db                   local
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql             mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql             inherited from nvd/mysql56/root/var/db
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_secure      mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_secure      inherited from nvd/mysql56/root/var/db
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_tmpdir      mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_tmpdir      inherited from nvd/mysql56/root/var/db
[dan@knew:~] $

A you can see there are two mount points which have SOURCE specified explicitly:

  1. nvd at 
    /iocage/jails
  2. nvd/mysql56/root/var/db at iocage/jails/mysql56/root/var/db

We do not need that second local and we can make do with just one. Let me fix that:

[dan@knew:~] $ sudo zfs inherit mountpoint nvd/mysql56/root/var/db
cannot unmount '/iocage/jails/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_tmpdir': Device busy
[dan@knew:~] $ sudo iocage stop mysql56
* Stopping mysql56
  + Executing prestop OK
  + Stopping services OK
  + Removing devfs_ruleset: 11 OK
  + Removing jail process OK
  + Executing poststop OK
[dan@knew:~] $ sudo zfs inherit mountpoint nvd/mysql56/root/var/db
[dan@knew:~] $ zfs get -r mountpoint nvd
NAME                                      PROPERTY    VALUE                                               SOURCE
nvd                                       mountpoint  /iocage/jails                                       local
nvd/mysql56                               mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56                               inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root                          mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root                          inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/usr                      mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/usr                      inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home                 mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/usr/home                 inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan             mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan             inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src         mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src         inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src/bacula  mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/usr/home/dan/src/bacula  inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/var                      mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/var                      inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db                   mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/var/db                   inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql             mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql             inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_secure      mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_secure      inherited from nvd
nvd/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_tmpdir      mountpoint  /iocage/jails/mysql56/root/var/db/mysql_tmpdir      inherited from nvd
[dan@knew:~] $ sudo iocage start mysql56
* Starting mysql56
  + Started OK
  + Using devfs_ruleset: 11
  + Starting services OK
  + Executing poststart OK
[dan@knew:~] $

Much better. The goal is to specify as little as possible.

Following this example, I will create more data set, much like the above, for the following jails:

  1. mysql57
  2. mysql80
  3. pg94
  4. pg95
  5. pg96
  6. pg10
  7. pg11

Hopefully I will get better at getting the specifications correct the first time.

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