Open Source

cron is running all jobs twice – solved

Leave a Comment / FreeBSD, Jails, Open Source / By /

This started earlier today and I solved it only just now. It took me a while to find out it was duplicate cron jobs, and even longer to find out why. Edit: 2025-09-20 – if this is a jail, check your exec.start directives for duplicate entries. This problem arose today. Mine was two “/bin/sh /etc/rc” declarations. See https://bsd.network/web/@dvl/115237669230498431 It started with lockf notifications (if you’ve never heard of lockf before, please read this […]

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OpenVPN: unsupported certificate purpose

Leave a Comment / OpenSSL, OpenVPN, ssl-admin / By /

See also SSL client vs server certificates and bacula-fd. I use OpenVPN since at least 2008 – now going on 13 years. I find it to be reliable and stable. A few days ago, I added another client to a VPN. I run this particular network with self-signed certificates which I create using ssl-admin – I find it particularly useful for this purpose. The problem Away I went, creating a new certicate, bundled

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Are all installed packages available for reinstall?

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When you install a package, you want to know it’s still around to reinstall. You’ve probably never given this much thought. Neither had I, until I read this post on Reddit. In my case, I run my own poudriere server which allows me to run my own package server. Why run your own package server? build ports with non-default configuration settings: Want databases/mantis build for PostgreSQL, not MySQL? (and who wouldn’t?) – You

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Upgrading a FreeBSD 12.2 jail to FreeBSD 13 using mkjail

Leave a Comment / FreeBSD, Jails, mkjail, Open Source, pkg, Upgrades / By /

Mark Felder and I have been working on a minimalist set of jail scripts for creating and updating jails. All jail management is accomplished via standard vanilla FreeBSD jails. No jail managers are involved. Everything goes through jail.conf. In this post: FreeBSD 13.0 host, recently update from FreeBSD 12.2 FreeBSD 12.s jail on that host, about to be updated to FreeBSD 13 These jails were NOT created with mkjail Jails are mounted at

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Adjusting my ZFS filesystems to conform with standard FreeBSD boot environments

Leave a Comment / beadm, bectl, ZFS / By /

Get FreeBSD 12.2 mfsBSD (because that matches the OS on slocum), burn it to a thumb drive using OSX. NOTE: the following didn’t work. I wound up not having the right values in /lib and /var/db/ I don’t know what I did wrong, but I did manage to fix them up afterwards. I suspect that I still had zroot/usr mounted and did not notice. I will keep my notes here for future reference

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Updating my FreeBSD 12.2 host to FreeBSD 13.0

Leave a Comment / bectl, FreeBSD, freebsd-update, Open Source, System upgrades, Upgrades / By /

I am going to upgrade a FreeBSD 12.2 host to FreeBSD 13.0 with one reboot. Actually, here, because of the zpool update, there is another reboot. This is significantly fewer than the standard upgrade process (yeah, critics claim 1 is not significantly less than 2; sigh). The instructions are taken from vermaden’s blog post on Upgrade FreeBSD with ZFS Boot Environments. I have seen a couple of references to this post lately and

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Moving zroot/usr/local to zroot/usr

Leave a Comment / bectl, FreeBSD, freebsd-update, ZFS / By /

Today I was updating a FreeBSD server from 12.2 to 13.0 – I was using a new approach for my upgrades. This was my second host to upgrade like this. The first went smoothly. This one, not so much. NOTE: this turned out to be insufficient because /usr was mounted: [dan@slocum:~] $ zfs get canmount zroot/usr NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE zroot/usr canmount on received This system was manually converted, poorly, to a BE

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snapshot ; ls ; destroy; dataset is busy – WTF?

Leave a Comment / FreeBSD, Jails, ZFS / By /

I have found this bizarre situation where a FreeBSD 12.2 snapshot cannot be destroyed. This is the simple example, which works: [dan@pkg01:~] $ sudo zfs snapshot tank_fast/poudriere@snapshot-for-backup [dan@pkg01:~] $ sudo zfs destroy tank_fast/poudriere@snapshot-for-backup [dan@pkg01:~] $ This is the simple example, which fails: [dan@pkg01:~] $ sudo zfs snapshot tank_fast/poudriere@snapshot-for-backup [dan@pkg01:~] $ ls /usr/local/poudriere/.zfs/snapshot/snapshot-for-backup cache data jails ports [dan@pkg01:~] $ sudo zfs destroy tank_fast/poudriere@snapshot-for-backup cannot destroy snapshot tank_fast/poudriere@snapshot-for-backup: dataset is busy [dan@pkg01:~] $ EDIT: we

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Converting an iocage vnet jail to a vnet jail

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In this post I will be creating a ‘new’ jail which uses vnet. I say ‘new’ because I am actually Converting an iocage jail to a vanilla jail which happens to use vnet. NOTE: I originally failed to get this to work. You can read about it. I’m going to repost this article soon with a working solution. I won’t describe the process of creating the jail. Sorry. For the record: FreeBSD 12.2

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Creating a vnet jail

Leave a Comment / Networks, Open Source / By /

In this post I will be creating a ‘new’ jail which uses vnet. I say ‘new’ because I am actually Converting an iocage jail to a vanilla jail which happens to use vnet. NOTE: HEADS UP: I failed to get this to work. I’m still going to post it though. What I did wrong: I should not have used ix1 – that’s the wrong NIC to use. This needs to use an active

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